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The Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, , PC (12 April 1816 – 9 February 1903), Irish nationalist, journalist, Poet and Australian politician, was the 8th Premier of Victoria and one of the most colourful figures in Victorian political history. Duffy was born in Dublin Street, Monaghan Town, County Monaghan, Ireland, the son of a Catholic shopkeeper. Both his parents died while he was still a child and his uncle, Fr James Duffy, who was the Catholic Parish Priest of Castleblayney, became his guardian for a number of years. ==Background== He was educated at St Malachy's College in Belfast and was admitted to the Irish Bar in 1845. Even before being admitted to the bar, Duffy was active on the Irish land question, and in that connection in 1842 he became an ally of James Godkin.〔Smith, G.B., 'Godkin, James (1806–1879)', rev. C. A. Creffield, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', (Oxford University Press, 2004)〕 In 1842, he married Emily McLaughlin, who died in 1845. He married Susan Hughes in 1846, with whom he had six children. Duffy became a leading figure in Irish literary circles. He edited ''Ballad Poetry of Ireland'' (1843) and other works on Irish literature. Charles Gavan Duffy was one of the founders of ''The Nation'' and became its first editor; the two others were Thomas Osborne Davis, and John Blake Dillon.〔Young Ireland, T. F. O'Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945 pg 6〕 All three were members of Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association, and would later become to be known as Young Ireland. This paper, under Duffy, transformed from a literary voice into a 'rebellious organisation'.〔McCarthy, ''History of Our Own Times'', Vol.1, p.331.〕 As a result of ''The Nation's'' support of Repeal, Duffy, as Proprietor, was arrested and convicted of seditious conspiracy in relation to the Monster Meeting planned for Clontarf, just outside Dublin, but was released after an appeal to the House of Lords.〔''Young Ireland and 1848'', Dennis Gwynn, Cork University Press 1949,Pg15-16〕 In August 1850 Duffy formed the Tenant Right League to bring about reforms in the Irish land system and protect tenants' rights, and in 1852 he was elected to the House of Commons for New Ross. ''Main article: Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848'' ''Main article: Young Ireland'' In November 1852, Lord Derby's government introduced a land bill to secure to Irish tenants on eviction, in accordance with the principles of the Tenant League, compensation for improvements prospective and retrospective made by them in the land. The bill passed the House of Commons in 1853 and 1854, but in both years failed to pass the House of Lords. In 1855 the cause of the Irish tenants, and indeed of Ireland generally, seemed to Duffy more hopeless than ever. Broken in health and spirit, he published in 1855 a farewell address to his constituency, declaring that he had resolved to retire from parliament, as it was no longer possible to accomplish the task for which he had solicited their votes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Gavan Duffy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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